Skeletal Growth and Development

The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae, and representsthe largest segment of the spine. As surgical approaches and internal fixationtechniques in the spine continue to evolve, a thorough knowl ...

The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae that form a firm, but flexible, shaft that supports the trunk and appendages and provides protection for the spinal cord. The lumbar spine is ch ...

The elbow joint is a trochoginglymoid joint providing both flexion and extension through an ulnohumeral hinge and axial rotation through a radiohumeral and proximal radioulnar pivoting mo ...

A proper diagnosis is essential to deliver precise treatment to children with elbow injuries. The distal humerus is largely cartilaginous in the first 2 years of life, but ossification ce ...

Wrist denervation procedures are performed for treatment of chronic wrist pain more commonly in Europe than the United States. However, articles by Dellon and Berger have continued to attract int ...

The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebraes, and represents the largest segment of the spine. As surgical approaches and internal fixation techniques in the spine continue to evolve, a thorough kn ...

Schmorl's nodes (intraosseous vertebral lesions) are herniations of the intervertebral disk through weak areas in the adjacent vertebral end plates and into the vertebral body.1 Some of ...

The ball and socket configuration of the hip joint is inherently stable and allows excellent range of motion in all directions. The acetabulum lies between the anterior and posterior columns of t ...

For examinations, one should know the normal range of degrees of: Thoracic kyphosis Lumbar lordosis Sagittal alignment Important blood vessels