Metatarsus adductus is a forefoot adduction with a normal mid and hindfoot. It occurs in 1 in every 1000 live births and is bilateral in 50% of the cases. There is a low incidence of hip dysplasia ...

Hemophilic arthropathy is a process in which patients with clotting disorders have recurrent bleeding into their joints, resulting in joint destruction of the knees, elbows, and ankles. Patients wi ...

Macrodactyly, which is a rare anomaly of the upper extremity, has also been referred to as megalodactyly, overgrowth, gigantism, localized hypertrophy, or macrodactylia fibrolipomatosis ( ...

Hallux valgus can occur at any age.1 Patients with onset of the condition before the age of 10 are referred to as juvenile hallux valgus, and those with an onset between the ages of 10 a ...

Flatfoot, or calcaneovalgus deformity, is the most common childhood foot deformity. The foot is positional and flexible, but has limited plantarflexion secondary to contracted dorsiflexors. Most tr ...

Radial club hand is classified as a pre-axial longitudinal deficiency. The axis of the forearm lies along the middle finger; the radial side is considered pre-axial and the ulnar side is ...

In 1914, Henken was the first surgeon to describe congenital vertical talus (CVT).1 Since then, numerous terms have been proposed to define this pathology. Some of those historical terms ...

Tarsal coalition presents as painful hindfoot, with limited motion, usually in valgus position, and often with protective peroneal spasm. Differential diagnosis includes: tarsal coalition, inflamma ...

Thumb hypoplasia is a congenital hand anomaly, which ranges in severity from the presence of a small and weak thumb to complete absence of the thumb. The International Federation of Societies for S ...

Hemihypertrophy/hemihypotrophy refers to asymmetries between sides of the body. These asymmetries may involve limbs, trunk, or organs. Side-to-side differences up to 1 cm after infancy are normal b ...